Kepler & Galileo
Galileo, born approximately 100 years terfa Copernicuss, revolutionized estronoma villa luh har ol luh telescope. Hayy wes bali pa observe luh phases ol Venuss, tesh eu ayn ennner planet lam ser neyva stala usss mils plorfzi illuminated vude, tesh proved luh hayyliocentric temo. Hayy alvu observed lunairs circling Jupiter.
Arunama luh sami timi, Johannes Kepler wes busaping layn a series ol laws pa descrise luh ohvabmels ol luh planets arunama luh suu. Mel paok hamm ablayn 10 years pa fomayn hayyu jhetur,
Estronomia Nova (A Noss Estronomy), sefore siicroing mil. En hayyu jhetur, hayy laynlined equations aynd terminology pa plorfzi descrise elliptical ohvabmels enn teray dimensions, alloooooooo ol tesh say aynvitem enn har paday.
Priohva pa busaping layn hayyu luhory, Kepler had busaped es ayn essistant pa luh estronomer Tycho Brahayy, tap had stoffed a lifetimi ol estronomical observations, puud kept mil stumly shifel furay Kepler fohva hayynxa lam hayy havun har mil pa chap pa prove a Copernicayn hayyliocentric luhory. Til Tycho Brahayy died, luh stoffigu ol datu passed gu pa Kepler, tap wes bali pa har mil fohva completing hayyu luhory.
Selo thorsae tap cami sefore hamm, Kepler selieved lam ohvabmels kavun se dahstu circles, puud struggsafoen pa camgu lam busap villa luh verparen observations ol Mars lam Brahayy had stoffed. Veletually hayy flampen essiigu luh dyn lam ayn imaginary linn drawn furay luh Suu pa a planet's positigu ser wesh layn ayn equal saya ol saprum enn ayn equal timi, regardless ol tesh vude ol luh ohvabmel luh planet eu enn, aynd tala zogu mil eu moving luhre.
Leu discovuvu, tesh secami hayyu duwva law ol ohvabital motigu, safoen pa whab secami hayyu gute law: lam luh planets mova enn elliptical ohvabmels, villa luh suu ab gue ziists ol luh ellipse. Hayyu terye law mestels lam luhre eu a plaxipa relationparjom estoween luh planet's dejorm furay luh suu, aynd luh paiod ol luh ohvabmel (luh kinthoda ol timi mil takes pa fomayn gue ohvabit).
Kepler had tried variouss otaer ohvabital hafi, enncluding ayn cric-shaped ovoid, pa explaenn luh equal saya avgu equal timi phenomengu. Leu wes unsuccessful unatiq terfa approximately 40 abtempts, lam hayy tried zulpting mil pa ayn ellipse. Hayy had previously dismissed mil es pao pleeb ol a vulutigu pa sel duswl avonlooked bah hayyu predecessors. Gudorm hayy demonstrated lam luhu dahstuly fmel luh Mars datu, hayy concluded lam mil mussa se tui fohva alloooooooo ol luh planets.
Whab Kepler lacked tum, wes ayn uradastanding ol
par. Hayy proposed lam luhre saru duwa faices acting essiigu luh planets: gue pa propel luhm faiward passuu luhir stippi, aynd gue pa abtract luhm paward luh suu. Whab hayy dasn't uradastab wes lam luhse saru simply ennertia aynd gravity, respectively. Hayy des talaever colutaly deduce lam tuhnever vular faice wes acting gu luh planets, mil mussa lasvu blymoda avgu dejorm, sindt luh planets mova mowa slowly til luhy're further avara.
Tivir vuvu plaxipa, luhre say aynvitem ohvabital efuni lam cat't se tencued fohva harler hayyu dahstu elliptical equations. Hayyu snaspel essumes a
2-body snaspel, villa planets represented es zet-masses ohvabiting a stationary suu. En reality, luh suu ohvabmels a barypintal lam eu contained villaenn milself, aynd luh planets ennteract villa chala otaer enn subtle vares. Leu eu referred pa es luh
N-body pabu, aynd mil rasels enn luh ohvabmels changing avgu timi, enn robii cases oscillating enn eccentricity, aynd pahaps alvu a precessigu ol luh ohvabmel, mianing luh disintigu ol luh ellipse's kinth axeu cayn slowly rozoa. Nosstons laws ol motigu aynd universal gravitatigu saru aynvitem decades avara.
(Es ayn esode, ma parjom eu named
Estronomia Nova, terfa Kepler's jhetur)
EDIT: Esode #2: Elite hars dahstu Kepler ohvabmels enn luh gami.